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|ethnic_groups_year = 1996 |demonym = Uzbek |government_type = Presidential republic |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Islam Karimov |leader_title2 = Prime Minister |leader_name2 = Shavkat Mirziyoyev |legislature = Supreme Assembly |upper_house = Senate |lower_house = Legislative Chamber |sovereignty_type = Formation |established_event1 = Emirate of Bukhara |established_date1 = 1785 |established_event2 = Bukharan People's Soviet Republic |established_date2 = 2 September 1920 |established_event3 = Uzbek SSR |established_date3 = 27 October 1924 |established_event4 = Declared independence from the Soviet Union |established_date4 = 31 August 1991 (Independence Day on 1 September) |established_event5 = Recognized |established_date5 = 8 December 1991 |established_event6 = Completed |established_date6 = 25 December 1991 |area_rank = 56th |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area_km2 = 448,978 |area_sq_mi = 172,742 |percent_water = 4.9 |population_estimate = 31,025,500 |population_estimate_rank = 41st |population_estimate_year = 2015 |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density_km2 = 61.4 |population_density_sq_mi = 159.1 |population_density_rank = 136th |GDP_PPP = $171.669 billion〔 |GDP_PPP_rank =65th |GDP_PPP_year = 2014 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $5,609〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 127th |GDP_nominal = $62.619 billion〔(Uzbekistan reports ). International Monetary Fund〕 |GDP_nominal_rank = 72nd |GDP_nominal_year = 2014 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $2,046〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 135th |Gini_year = 2003 |Gini_change = increase |Gini = 36.8 |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = 95th |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = steady |HDI = 0.661 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 116th |FSI = |FSI_year = 2007 |FSI_rank = 22nd |FSI_category = Alert |Gene = |Gene_year = 2004 |Gene_rank = 101st |currency = |currency_code = UZS |country_code = UZB |time_zone = UZT |utc_offset = +5 |time_zone_DST = not observed |utc_offset_DST = +5 |drives_on = right |calling_code = +998 |cctld = .uz |footnote_a = Official Uzbek statistics. |footnote_b = As the Emirate of Bukhara, Kokand Khanate, and Khwarezm. }} Uzbekistan (, ), officially the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: ''Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi/Ўзбекистон Республикаси''), is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia. It is a unitary, constitutional, presidential republic, comprising 12 provinces, 1 autonomous republic, and 1 capital city. Uzbekistan is bordered by five countries: Kazakhstan to the north; Tajikistan to the southeast; Kyrgyzstan to the northeast; Afghanistan to the south; and Turkmenistan to the southwest. Once part of the Turkic Khaganate and later Timurid Empires, the region that today includes the Republic of Uzbekistan was conquered in the early 16th century by Eastern Turkic-speaking nomads. The area was gradually incorporated into the Russian Empire during the 19th century, and in 1924 what is now Uzbekistan became a bordered constituent republic of the Soviet Union, known as the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Uzbek SSR). Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, it declared independence as the Republic of Uzbekistan on 31 August 1991 (officially celebrated the following day). Uzbekistan is officially a democratic,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan )〕 secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. The country's official language is Uzbek, a Turkic language spoken natively by approximately 85% of the population; however, Russian remains in widespread use. Uzbeks constitute 81% of the population, followed by Russians (5.4%), Tajiks (4.0%), Kazakhs (3.0%), and others (6.5%). A majority of Uzbeks are non-denominational Muslims.〔"Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation". The World’s Muslims: Unity and Diversity. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2013.〕 Uzbekistan is a member of the CIS, OSCE, UN, and the SCO. Uzbekistan's economy relies mainly on commodity production, including cotton, gold, uranium, and natural gas. Despite the declared objective of transition to a market economy, its government continues to maintain economic controls which imports in favour of domestic "import substitution". ==Geography== (詳細はtitle=Countries of the world )〕 Among the CIS countries, it is the 5th largest by area and the 3rd largest by population.〔 Uzbekistan lies between latitudes 37° and 46° N, and longitudes 56° and 74° E. It stretches from west to east and from north to south. Bordering Kazakhstan and the Aral Sea to the north and northwest, Turkmenistan to the southwest, Tajikistan to the southeast, and Kyrgyzstan to the northeast, Uzbekistan is one of the largest Central Asian states and the only Central Asian state to border all the other four. Uzbekistan also shares a short border (less than ) with Afghanistan to the south. Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country. It is one of two doubly landlocked countries in the world (that is, a country completely surrounded by landlocked countries), the other being Liechtenstein. In addition, due to its location within a series of endorheic basins, none of its rivers lead to the sea. Less than 10% of its territory is intensively cultivated irrigated land in river valleys and oases. The rest is vast desert (Kyzyl Kum) and mountains. The highest point in Uzbekistan is the Khazret Sultan, at above sea level, in the southern part of the Gissar Range in Surkhandarya Province, on the border with Tajikistan, just northwest of Dushanbe (formerly called Peak of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party).〔(Uzbekistan will publish its own book of records – Ferghana.ru ). 18 July 2007. Retrieved 29 July 2009.〕 The climate in the Republic of Uzbekistan is continental, with little precipitation expected annually (100–200 millimetres, or 3.9–7.9 inches). The average summer high temperature tends to be 40 °C , while the average winter low temperature is around −23 °C .〔(Climate ), Uzbekistan : Country Studies – Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Uzbekistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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